Mudziyo unodzivirira kukwira kwemagetsi (SPD) ndechimwe chezvinhu zvakakosha asi zvinowanzo furatirwa zvemuchina wemagetsi. Ungave uchichengetedza midziyo yemagetsi yepamba kana sisitimu yekudzora maindasitiri yefekitori, kunzwisisa mashandiro ayo, musimboti wekushanda kwayo uye rudzi rweSPD runodiwa kunogona kusarudza kana michina yacho ichigona kuramba ichishanda zvakanaka kana kukonzera kurasikirwa kwezviuru zvemadhora emuchina.
Gwaro iri rinopa pfungwa huru dzose: chii chinonzi mudziyo wekudzivirira surge, musimboti wehunyanzvi, musiyano mukuru uripo pakati pemhando 1, mhando 2 nemhando 3 SPD, uye kuti ungasarudza sei hurongwa hwakakodzera hwekudzivirira surge yemamiriro ako ekushandisa.
Chii chinonzi Surge Protective Device (SPD)?
Mudziyo unodzivirira kukwira kwemagetsi chinhu chekuchengetedza magetsi chakagadzirirwa kuchengetedza michina, mitsetse, uye masisitimu kubva pakukwira kwemagetsi kwenguva pfupi - zviitiko zvinowanzozivikanwa sekuwedzera kwemagetsi kana kukwira kwemagetsi . Kana kuwedzera kwemagetsi kwaitika, SPD inoona voltage yakawandisa uye inoipinza zvakachengeteka musystem yekudzika isati yasvika uye yakuvadza mudziyo wakabatana.
Sekureva kweInternational Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) , kukwira kwemagetsi kwenguva pfupi ndeimwe yezvikonzero zvikuru zvekukundikana kwemidziyo yemagetsi nemagetsi pasi rose, izvo zvinoita kuti mudziyo wekudzivirira kukwira kwemagetsi uve mari inokosha mumidziyo yemagetsi yemazuva ano.
Sei Uchifanira Kuda Chishandiso Chinodzivirira Kuwedzera?
Kuwanda kwemagetsi anokwira zvakanyanya kupfuura vanhu vazhinji. Manyuko ayo akakamurwa kuita mapoka maviri: ekunze nemukati.
Manyuko Ekunze :
- Kurova kwemheni (kurova zvakananga kana kurova kwemheni kuri pedyo)
- Kuchinja grid utility switch
- Kudzima kwemagetsi uye zviitiko zvekugadzirisa.
Manyuko Emukati :
- Kutanga-kumira kushanda kwemota hombe uye HVAC system HVAC
- Variable Frequency Drives (VFDs)
- Midziyo yekushongedza uye mitoro yeindasitiri
Kunyangwe ma micro-surges ane amplitude yakaderera - madiki zvakakwana kuti atange circuit breaker - anozoungana nekufamba kwenguva, zvichideredza mashandiro ema semiconductors, capacitors uye circuit boards. Pakupedzisira zvinotungamira kumagumo ekushanda kwemidziyo uye kazhinji hazvigone kuwana chikonzero chakajeka chekukundikana.
Mudziyo wekudzivirira kukwira kwemvura wakasarudzwa zvakanaka unogona kupa dziviriro isingaoneki asi yakakosha kune zvese zviri pamusoro apa.
Chishandiso Chinodzivirira Surge Chinoshanda Sei?
Chinhu chikuru chinoshandiswa pakudzivirira kukwira kwemagetsi ndechekusunga magetsi . SPD inoramba ichitarisa voltage yemutsara. Kana voltage yadarika chiyero chekuchengetedza chakatarwa, mudziyo unotanga ipapo ipapo uye simba rakawandisa rinoendeswa kune grounding conductor kuti rirege kubva pamutoro wakabatana.
Basa reMetal Oxide Varistor (MOV)
Tekinoroji inonyanya kushandiswa mukati memudziyo wekudzivirira surge ndeye metal oxide Varistor (MOV). Mashandiro ayo ndeekuti:
Kushanda Kwakajairika : Voltage inochengetwa munzvimbo yakachengeteka. MOV iri mumamiriro ekupindira kwakanyanya uye haikanganisi kufamba kwemagetsi kwakajairika.
Kukwira Kwakaonekwa : Zviitiko zvekuwedzera simba remagetsi kwenguva pfupi (sekukwira kwesimba remagetsi kunokonzerwa nekurova kwemheni).
Kubatanidza Kunoshanda : MOV impedance inodonha zvakanyanya, zvichiita kuti pave nenzira yekuburitsa mhepo ine impedance shoma inoenda kumagumo epasi kuti ikwanise kukwira kwesimba.
Simba Rinotsauswa : Voltage yakawandisa inopinzwa zvakachengeteka mu grounding electrode grounding grounding electrode, ichipfuura mudziyo unobatanidza.
Maitiro Ekushanda Akajairika : Mushure mekunge kukwira kwapera, MOV inodzoreredza mamiriro ekudzivirira kwepamusoro.
Mamwe matekinoroji anoshandiswa muSPD anosanganisira :
| Tafura yeTekinoroji yeSPD | |
|---|---|
| Technology | Best Use Case |
| Metal Oxide Varistor (MOV) | Chinangwa chikuru, chinochengetedza mari |
| Gas Discharge Tube (GDT) | Kukwira kwesimba rakawanda, simba rakawanda |
| Silicon Avalanche Diode (SAD) | Zvemagetsi zvine hungwaru, zvinokurumidza kupindura |
| Chishandiso Chekudzivirira Kukwira kweThyristor (TSPD) | Nhare dzenhare nedata |
MaSPD mazhinji emazuva ano anoshandisa musanganiswa wematekinoroji ari pamusoro apa kuti panguva imwe chete awedzere kukurumidza kupindura uye kugona kwekugadzirisa simba.
Rudzi 1 vs. Rudzi 2 vs. Rudzi 3 SPD: Musiyano chii?
Zvichienderana neIEC 61643-11 standard, michina yekudzivirira surge yakakamurwa kuita mhando dzakasiyana zvichienderana nenzvimbo yekuisa uye rudzi rwe surge yakagadzirwa uye yakagadziriswa. Musiyano unonyanya kukosha ndewemhando 1, mhando 2 uye mhando 3 yekudzivirira surge.
| Tafura yekufananidza yemhando 1 vs mhando 2 vs mhando 3 SPD | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| mamiriro | Tora 1 SPD | Tora 2 SPD | Tora 3 SPD |
| Nzvimbo yekuisa | Main service door | Kugoverwa/chikamu chidiki | Nzvimbo Yekushandisa |
| Maitiro ekuedza | 10 / 350μs | 8 / 20μs | Mafungu Akasanganiswa (1.2/50 μs – 8/20 μs |
| Kumhanya kwakawanda kwemhepo | Kusvika ku100kA+ | Kazhinji 20-40 kA | 1–10 kA |
| Dambudziko guru rinogadziriswa | Kurova kwemheni zvakananga | Kuchinja mafungu, mheni yasara | Voltage Yenguva Pfupi Yasara |
| Zvinodiwa paLPS here? | Hongu (IEC 62305) | Kwete zvinosungirwa | Aihwa |
Chii chinonzi Type 1 Surge Protective Device?
Mudziyo wekudzivirira werudzi rwe1 surge (SPD) mudziyo wakabatana zvachose, wakasimba wakaiswa parutivi rwemusuwo mukuru webasa (pamberi pemain breaker) kudzivirira kubva pakukwira kwesimba rekunze, sekunge mheni inorova zvakananga.
Zvinhu Zvikuru zveChishandiso Chinodzivirira Rudzi rwe1 Surge :
- Inoiswa pakati pegrid yemagetsi yeruzhinji negedhi guru bhodhi rekugovera.
- Inogona kutsungirira simba remagetsi rinokwira zvakanyanya (rinowanzo svika 100 kA).
- Sekureva kweIEC 62305, zvivakwa zvine sisitimu yekudzivirira mheni (LPS) zvakaiswa zvinofanirwa kunge zvine Type 1 SPD.
- Inoumba mutsetse wekutanga uye wakasimba wekudzivirira kusvetuka.
- Chengetedza michina iri pasi payo uye gadzira waya dzemukati.
Chii chinonzi Type 2 Surge Protective Device?
Mudziyo wekudzivirira surge werudzi rwechipiri (SPD) chinhu, chinowanzo shandiswa, chakaiswa parutivi rwemutoro wemapaneru makuru emagetsi kana mapaneru madiki kudzivirira magetsi anonzwa kubva kumafungu emukati anokonzerwa nekushanda kwekuchinja (semuenzaniso, mota/midziyo inotenderera) kana masara ekunze anosara.
Zvinhu Zvikuru zveChishandiso Chinodzivirira Rudzi rwe2 Surge :
- Isa panzvimbo huru yekugovera kana pane sub-distribution panel.
- Bata ne residual surge uye internal transient voltage.
- Ndiyo mhando yeSPD inonyanya kushandiswa muzvivakwa zvekugara uye zvemabhizinesi.
- Kana pasina mhando 1 SPD, inowanzoshandiswa sechikamu chega chekudzivirira.
Chii chinonzi Type 3 Surge Protective Device?
Mudziyo wekudzivirira surge werudzi rwechitatu ndiwo wekupedzisira musystem yekudzivirira surge. Unoiswa panzvimbo yekushandisa, kureva kuti, pedyo nemidziyo inokuvadza inoda kuchengetedzwa, senge nzvimbo dzekushandira dzemakombiyuta, makabati eseva, midziyo yemumba, midziyo yekurapa kana zvishandiso zvine hungwaru.
Basa rayo guru nderekubvisa simba diki remagetsi mushure mekudzikira kwemidziyo yemhando yekutanga neyechipiri, uye kudzora simba rinozosvika pachiteshi chemidziyo mukati menzvimbo yakachengeteka iyo mudziyo unogona kutsungirira.
Zvinhu Zvikuru zveChishandiso Chinodzivirira Rudzi rwe3 Surge :
- Isa panzvimbo yemagetsi, padyo nemidziyo yakachengetedzwa.
- Mwero wekubuda kwemvura unowanzova wakaderera, kubva pa1 kusvika ku10 kA.
- Inofanira kushandiswa pamwe chete nerudzi rwekutanga kana rudzi rwechipiri rweSPD, uye haigone kushandiswa senzira yega yekudzivirira yakazvimirira.
Chishandiso chekudzivirira cheSurge chinofanira kuiswa kupi?
Kuti vawane dziviriro yakakwana yekuvhiyiwa, timu yeTomzn inokurudzira hurongwa hwakarongeka hwekudzivirira hune mazinga akawanda:
- Danho 1 - Kupinda Kwebasa Rekupinda Mukati: Type 1 SPD inodzivisa mafungu makuru ekunze asati apinda muchivako.
- Danho rechipiri - Panera reKugovera: Rudzi rwechipiri rweSPD runoderedza kukwira kwesimba remagetsi uye voltage yemukati memagetsi.
- Danho rechitatu - Simba rekushandisa: Type 3 SPD (plug-in surge protector kana socket surge protector) inopa dziviriro yekupedzisira mumidziyo inobatwa nemagetsi yakaita semakombiyuta, materevhizheni, uye michina yekurapa.
- Dziviriro Yega Yega Inoderedza Simba Rekuwedzera muKuchinjana: Nzira iyi dzimwe nguva inonzi dziviriro ye cascaded surge. Kunyangwe kukosha kwayo kwakakwira sei, mudziyo mumwe chete haugone kupa dziviriro yakakwana.
Ungasarudza Sei Chishandiso Chinodzivirira Kukwira Chakakodzera?
Mukusarudza kana kutenga SPD, ndapota tarisa pane zvinotevera:
- SPD Rudzi: Sarudza kana mudziyo wekubatanidza wemhando 1, mhando 2 kana mhando 1 + 2 uchidikanwa zvichienderana nenzvimbo yekuisa.
- Kuongororwa kweKudzivirirwa kweVoltage (Kukwira/VPR): Voltage yepamusoro yeSPD terminal panguva yekukwira kwesimba. Kana kukosha kwakaderera, zviri nani. Kune sisitimu ye230V, Up ≤ 1.5kV ndiyo kukosha kwakakodzera.
- Nominal discharge current (In): SPD inogona kuramba ichitsungirira nhanho iripo kakawanda pasina kuderedza mashandiro ayo.
- Voltage yepamusoro inoshanda nguva dzose (Uc): Inofanira kunge yakaenzana kana kupfuura voltage yemagetsi inopihwa nesystem.
- Kuteerera Kwakakwana: Gara uchitarisa kana mudziyo wacho wapasa chitupa chakakodzera munharaunda yacho.
Maitiro Ekuisa Surge Protective Device Zvakachengeteka?
Kuisa zvakanaka zvishandiso zvinodzivirira kukwira kwemvura kwakakosha sekusarudza chigadzirwa chakakodzera. SPD isina kuiswa zvakanaka inogona kwete kungotadza kuchengetedza michina yako chete, asiwo inogona kukonzera njodzi yekuchengetedza. Ndokumbirawo uteedzere matanho anotevera kuti uise zvakachengeteka uye zvinobudirira.
Vhara simba guru remagetsi
Usati waita chero chinhu chipi zvacho, main circuit breaker inotanga yabviswa kuti ive nechokwadi chekuti switchboard yadzimwa zvachose. Usaise SPD pane system yemagetsi inoshanda. Mushure mekushandisa non-contact stylus kuti usimbise kuti hapana voltage, ramba uchiita zvekutevera.
Pfekai midziyo yekudzivirira muviri (PPE) inodiwa
Magorovhosi ekudzivirira kupisa uye magirazi ekudzivirira anofanirwa kupfekwa panguva yekuisa. Kunyangwe kana main circuit breaker yavharwa, zvimwe zvikamu zvinogona kunge zvichine simba rakasara. Kutora matanho ekutanga ekudzivirira kuchengetedzeka kunogona kuderedza njodzi yekuvhunduka kwemagetsi kana arc flashover.
Sarudza nzvimbo chaiyo yekuisa
Isa SPD pedyo nepaneru huru yekugovera kana michina yakachengetedzwa. Kana tambo iri pakati peSPD neswitchboard iri pfupi, tambo inovhara tambo, uye mashandiro ekudzivirira emidziyo ari nani.
Batanidza tambo nemazvo
Shandisai waya zvakanyatsoenderana nedhayagiramu yewaya yakapihwa nemugadziri, uye shandisai waya inosangana nezvinodiwa kuti mubatanidze zvakanaka waya yeSPD kumaterminal anoenderana: waya iri mhenyu (L), waya isina kusimba (N) uye waya yepasi. Waya yacho inofanira kunge iri pfupi uye yakatwasuka sezvinobvira uye zvinokurudzirwa kuti isapfuure mamita 0.5 kuderedza kudonha kwemagetsi kana yakwira. Dzivisai kukotama kwakasimba kana kutenderera kwewaya.
Gadzirisa michina wovhara switchboard
Mushure mekupedza waya dzese, ganda reSPD rinoiswa zvakasimba pa switchboard kana pamusoro pekuisa. Tarisa kana ma terminal ese akasimbiswa, vhara chivharo chepaneru yekugovera mushure mekusimbisa kuti chakarurama, wobva wadzorera simba remagetsi.
Dzorera magetsi uye simbisa mamiriro ekushanda
Vhara main circuit breaker wotarisa chimiro cheSPD. Zvidziviriro zvemazuva ano zvakawanda zvine mwenje ye LED kana mahwindo ekutarisa mamiriro emuchina kuti zvionekwe kana mudziyo uri kushanda nemazvo. Chiratidzo chacho chine ruvara rwegirini, zvichiratidza kuti SPD iri kushanda zvakanaka uye inogona kudzivirira chero nguva.
Kana usina chokwadi, ndapota bvunza mainjiniya wemagetsi ane hunyanzvi
Kunyangwe kushanda kwemamwe maSPD kuri nyore, pane njodzi huru mukushanda kwemukati me switchboard. Kana usina chivimbo neruzivo rwako rwehunyanzvi hwemagetsi, ndapota iva nechokwadi chekupa mainjiniya emagetsi ane hunyanzvi kuti aise. Izvi zvakakosha zvikuru kune maSPD erudzi rwekutanga akaiswa panzvimbo huru yemagetsi. Kuisa kwakadaro kunofanirwa kuenderana nezvinodiwa zvemagetsi zvemunharaunda, zvakaita seNEC (National Electrical Code) muUnited States.
Mazano ekuchengetedza: Ndapota iva nechokwadi chekuverenga bhuku rekuisa rakapihwa nemugadziri weSPD nokungwarira usati waisa, uye iva nechokwadi chekuti maitiro ekuisa anoenderana nezvinodiwa zvese zvemagetsi zvemunharaunda uye zviyero, zvakaita seIEC 61643-11 kana UL 1449.
Pfungwa Yekupedzisira nezveSurge Protective Device
Munguva yemidziyo yemagetsi inonzwa simba remagetsi, masisitimu akabatana uye kushanduka-shanduka kwemhando yemagetsi, michina yekudzivirira mafungu haichashandiswi. Kubva pakuchengetedza midziyo yemumba kusvika pakuchengetedza masisitimu emagetsi emagetsi anodhura mamiriyoni emadhora, kusarudzwa kwakanaka kweSPDs kunogona kuunza vimbiso uye mabhenefiti ehupfumi kwenguva refu.
Kunyangwe purojekiti yako ichida kuisa mudziyo wekudzivirira werudzi rwe1 surge padivi rinouya, mudziyo wekudzivirira werudzi rwe2 surge pa switchboard, kana kuisa nzira yakakwana yekudzivirira surge yakabatana nemazinga akawanda, ndeimwe yekudyara kwakangwara kwaunogona kuita mumunda wekuchengetedza magetsi kusarudza mudziyo unopfuura chitupa uye une ma parameter akakodzera.
Kuti uwane rumwe ruzivo, ndapota verenga zvinyorwa zvedu zvine chekuita nazvo:
Dzivirira Yako HVAC System neAC Surge Dziviriro Chishandiso
PV Surge Dziviriro Chishandiso - Zvese Zvaunofanirwa Kuziva
FAQ
Midziyo yekudzivirira inokwira nekukwira inogona kudzivirira zvachose kubva pakurohwa nemheni zvakananga here?
Chero chipi zvacho cheSPD hachikwanise kupa dziviriro yakakwana kubva pakurohwa nemheni zvakananga. Zvisinei, mudziyo wekudzivirira weType 1 surge - pamwe chete neLightning Protection System (LPS) yakazara inoenderana neIEC 62305 - pamwe nesarudzo chaiyo yemudziyo wekudzivirira weType I surge inogona kuderedza zvakanyanya njodzi yekukuvara kwemidziyo nemoto.
Hupenyu hwekushanda hweSPD hurefu sei?
Chiitiko chega chega chekukwira kwesimba chinokonzera kurasikirwa kwakati kuti kwechikamu cheMOV chiri mukati memudziyo. MaSPD mazhinji emhando yepamusoro ane mwenje wekuratidza mamiriro kana hwindo rekutarisa, izvo zvinoshanduka kuva zvitsvuku kana kukundikana kana mudziyo uchida kutsiviwa. Hupenyu hwebasa hunotarisirwa hunowanzova makore mashanu kusvika gumi, zvichienderana nekuwanda uye simba rekukwira kwesimba.
Chishandiso chekudzivirira kukwira kweropa neSPD rudzi rumwe chete rwechigadzirwa here?
Hazvina kufanana zvachose. Mudziyo unodzivirira surge unoiswa paplug-in ndewerudzi rwechitatu SPD Type 3 SPD, iyo inongopa dziviriro yenzvimbo yemagetsi chete. Haugone kutsiva mudziyo unodzivirira surge une waya wakaoma werudzi rwekutanga kana rwechipiri wakaiswa pa switchboard. Mhedzisiro yakasimba yekudzivirira inogona kuwanikwa nekushandisa chirongwa chekudzivirira chine mativi matatu.
Zvishandiso zvekuchaja zvemagetsi nemagetsi zvinoda SPD here?
Ehe. Masisitimu ePhotovoltaic (PV) uye michina yekuchaja mota yemagetsi (EV) inonyanya kukanganiswa nekukuvadzwa nekuputika kwemhepo. IEC 61643-32 inonyanya kutaura nezvesarudzo yeSPD yemasisitimu ephotovoltaic. Pakusarudza dziviriro yekuputika kwemhepo yemidziyo yesimba rinogona kushandiswazve, ndapota iva nechokwadi chekubvunza mainjiniya wemagetsi ane hunyanzvi.
