Cov khoom siv tiv thaiv hluav taws xob ntau dhau (SPD) yog ib qho tseem ceeb tshaj plaws tab sis feem ntau tsis quav ntsej txog cov khoom siv hluav taws xob. Txawm tias koj tab tom tiv thaiv cov khoom siv ntse hauv tsev lossis lub kaw lus tswj kev lag luam ntawm lub Hoobkas, kev nkag siab txog kev ua haujlwm, txoj cai ua haujlwm thiab hom SPD uas xav tau yuav txiav txim siab seb cov khoom siv puas tuaj yeem ua haujlwm ruaj khov lossis ua rau ntau txhiab daus las poob khoom siv.
Phau ntawv qhia no qhia txog txhua lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb: lub cuab yeej tiv thaiv hluav taws xob ntau dhau yog dab tsi, lub hauv paus ntsiab lus kev siv tshuab, qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm hom 1, hom 2 thiab hom 3 SPD, thiab yuav ua li cas xaiv txoj kev tiv thaiv hluav taws xob ntau dhau kom raug rau koj qhov xwm txheej thov.
Cov Khoom Siv Tiv Thaiv Surge (SPD) yog dab tsi?
Ib lub cuab yeej tiv thaiv hluav taws xob ntau dhau yog ib qho khoom siv hluav taws xob uas tsim los tiv thaiv cov khoom siv, cov kab, thiab cov kab ke los ntawm kev hloov pauv hluav taws xob ib ntus - cov xwm txheej feem ntau hu ua kev hloov pauv hluav taws xob lossis kev hloov pauv hluav taws xob . Thaum muaj kev hloov pauv hluav taws xob ntau dhau, SPD ntes tau hluav taws xob ntau dhau thiab xa nws mus rau hauv lub kaw lus av ua ntej nws mus txog thiab ua puas rau lub cuab yeej txuas nrog.
Raws li International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) , qhov overvoltage transient yog ib qho ntawm cov laj thawj tseem ceeb ntawm kev ua tsis tiav ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob thiab hluav taws xob thoob ntiaj teb, uas ua rau lub cuab yeej tiv thaiv kev co yog qhov tseem ceeb hauv kev nqis peev hauv txhua lub cuab yeej hluav taws xob niaj hnub.
Vim li cas thiaj xav tau lub cuab yeej tiv thaiv hluav taws xob ntau dhau?
Qhov zaus ntawm kev nce hluav taws xob ntau dua li feem ntau ntawm cov neeg paub. Nws cov peev txheej tau muab faib ua ob pawg: sab nraud thiab sab hauv.
Cov Chaw Sab Nraud :
- Xob laim ntaus (cuam tshuam ncaj qha los yog xob laim ze)
- Kev hloov pauv ntawm lub grid
- Kev puas tsuaj ntawm hluav taws xob thiab kev kho dua tshiab.
Cov Chaw Sab Hauv :
- Pib-nres kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub cev muaj zog loj thiab HVAC system HVAC
- Variable Frequency Drives (VFDs)
- Cov khoom siv vuam thiab cov khoom thauj khoom lag luam
Txawm tias cov hluav taws xob me me uas muaj qhov loj me me - me txaus los ua rau lub tshuab hluav taws xob tawg - yuav sib sau ua ke dhau sijhawm, ua rau cov khoom siv semiconductor, capacitors thiab circuit boards ua haujlwm qeeb qeeb. Thaum kawg nws ua rau lub cuab yeej siv tas sijhawm thiab feem ntau tsis pom qhov ua rau muaj qhov tsis ua haujlwm.
Cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv kev kub ntxhov uas raug xaiv zoo tuaj yeem muab qhov thaiv kev tiv thaiv uas tsis pom tab sis tseem ceeb rau txhua qhov kev hem thawj saum toj no.
Cov Khoom Siv Tiv Thaiv Surge Ua Haujlwm Li Cas?
Lub hauv paus ua haujlwm ntawm lub cuab yeej tiv thaiv kev poob siab yog qhov clamping voltage . SPD saib xyuas qhov voltage ntawm kab tas li. Thaum qhov voltage tshaj qhov kev nyab xeeb uas tau teeb tsa tseg, lub cuab yeej pib tam sim ntawd thiab lub zog ntau dhau raug xa mus rau tus neeg xyuas av kom nws nyob deb ntawm qhov load txuas nrog.
Lub Luag Haujlwm ntawm Hlau Oxide Varistor (MOV)
Cov thev naus laus zis siv ntau tshaj plaws hauv lub cuab yeej tiv thaiv kev poob siab yog cov hlau oxide Varistor (MOV). Nws cov txheej txheem ua haujlwm yog raws li nram no:
Kev Ua Haujlwm Li Qub : Lub zog hluav taws xob raug tswj hwm hauv qhov ntau thiab tsawg uas muaj kev nyab xeeb. MOV nyob rau hauv lub xeev impedance siab thiab tsis cuam tshuam rau qhov ntws tam sim no li qub.
Tshawb Pom Kev Nce Hluav Taws Xob : Cov xwm txheej hluav taws xob ntau dhau ib ntus (xws li hluav taws xob nce siab los ntawm xob laim).
Kev Clamping Qhib : MOV impedance poob qis sai sai, muab txoj hauv kev tso tawm qis-impedance mus rau hauv av rau tam sim no surge.
Lub Zog Hloov Mus : Qhov hluav taws xob ntau dhau raug coj mus rau hauv lub electrode grounding grounding electrode kom muaj kev nyab xeeb, hla dhau lub cuab yeej txuas.
Rov Ua Haujlwm Li Qub : Tom qab qhov surge ploj mus, MOV rov qab kho lub xeev standby siab-impedance.
Lwm cov thev naus laus zis siv hauv SPD suav nrog :
| Cov Lus Qhia Txog SPD Cov Txuj Ci | |
|---|---|
| technology | Qhov zoo tshaj plaws siv Case |
| Hlau Oxide Varistor (MOV) | Siv dav dav, pheej yig |
| Roj Twj Raj (GDT) | Cov hluav taws xob siab, cov hluav taws xob siab |
| Silicon Avalanche Diode (SAD) | Cov khoom siv hluav taws xob uas ua tau zoo thiab teb tau sai |
| Thyristor Surge Protection Device (TSPD) | Cov kab xov tooj thiab cov ntaub ntawv |
Ntau lub SPD niaj hnub no siv kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm cov thev naus laus zis saum toj no los ua kom zoo dua qhov ceev teb thiab lub peev xwm ua haujlwm hluav taws xob tib lub sijhawm.
Hom 1 vs. Hom 2 vs. Hom 3 SPD: Qhov txawv yog dab tsi?
Raws li tus qauv IEC 61643-11, cov khoom siv tiv thaiv kev kub ntxhov tau muab faib ua ntau hom raws li qhov chaw teeb tsa thiab hom kev kub ntxhov uas tsim thiab ua tiav. Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb tshaj plaws yog hom 1, hom 2 thiab hom 3 cov khoom siv tiv thaiv kev kub ntxhov.
| Cov lus sib piv ntawm hom 1 vs hom 2 vs hom 3 SPD | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| feature | Hom 1 SPD | Hom 2 SPD | Hom 3 SPD |
| Qhov chaw teeb tsa | Qhov rooj nkag tseem ceeb rau kev pabcuam | Kev faib tawm/sub-panel | Chaw Siv |
| Kev sim waveform | 10 / 350μs | 8 / 20μs | Kev Sib Xyaws Ua Ke (1.2 / 50 μs - 8/20 μs |
| Tam sim no siab tshaj plaws | Txog li 100kA+ | Feem ntau 20-40 kA | 1-10 kA |
| Kev hem thawj tseem ceeb raug daws | Hluav taws xob ncaj qha | Kev hloov pauv surges, xob laim seem | Qhov Hluav Taws Xob Nyob Ib Ntus |
| Yuav tsum muaj rau LPS? | Yog (IEC 62305) | Tsis yuam | Tsis yog |
Hom 1 Surge Protective Device yog dab tsi?
Ib hom 1 surge protective device (SPD) yog ib qho khoom siv txuas tas mus li, muaj xov hlau ruaj khov ntsia rau ntawm sab kab ntawm qhov nkag tseem ceeb (ua ntej lub tshuab hluav taws xob loj) los tiv thaiv cov hluav taws xob sab nraud uas muaj zog heev xws li xob laim ncaj qha.
Cov Nta Tseem Ceeb ntawm Hom 1 Surge Protective Device :
- Nws tau teeb tsa ntawm lub zog pej xeem thiab lub zog tseem ceeb faib board.
- Muaj peev xwm tiv taus qhov siab heev impulse current (feem ntau ntsuas txog li 100 kA).
- Raws li IEC 62305, cov tsev uas muaj lub tshuab tiv thaiv xob laim (LPS) ntsia yuav tsum tau nruab nrog Hom 1 SPD.
- Tsim thawj kab thiab muaj zog tshaj plaws ntawm kev tiv thaiv hluav taws xob.
- Tiv thaiv cov khoom siv hauv qab thiab tsim cov xov hlau sab hauv.
Hom 2 Surge Protective Device yog dab tsi?
Ib hom 2 surge protective device (SPD) yog ib qho, feem ntau yog modular, Cheebtsam ntsia rau ntawm sab load ntawm cov vaj huam sib luag hluav taws xob tseem ceeb lossis cov vaj huam sib luag me me los tiv thaiv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob rhiab heev los ntawm kev nce siab sab hauv los ntawm kev ua haujlwm hloov pauv (piv txwv li, motors / khoom siv hluav taws xob cycling) lossis cov surges sab nraud seem.
Cov Nta Tseem Ceeb ntawm Hom 2 Surge Protective Device :
- Nruab rau ntawm lub vaj huam sib luag faib khoom loj lossis lub vaj huam sib luag faib khoom me.
- Kho nrog cov hluav taws xob seem thiab cov hluav taws xob sab hauv.
- Nws yog hom SPD uas siv dav tshaj plaws hauv cov tsev nyob thiab cov tsev lag luam.
- Thaum tsis muaj hom 1 SPD, nws feem ntau yog siv ua txheej tiv thaiv nkaus xwb.
Hom 3 Surge Protective Device yog dab tsi?
Cov khoom siv tiv thaiv hluav taws xob hom 3 yog kab tiv thaiv kawg hauv lub kaw lus tiv thaiv hluav taws xob. Nws raug teeb tsa rau ntawm qhov chaw siv, uas yog, ze rau cov khoom siv rhiab heev uas xav tau kev tiv thaiv, xws li chaw ua haujlwm computer, txee server, khoom siv hauv tsev, khoom siv kho mob lossis cov cuab yeej siv raug.
Nws lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb yog tshem tawm qhov hluav taws xob me me tom qab txo qis ntawm cov khoom siv upstream hom 1 thiab hom 2, thiab tswj qhov hluav taws xob uas thaum kawg mus txog qhov chaw nres nkoj ntawm lub cuab yeej hauv qhov chaw nyab xeeb uas lub cuab yeej tuaj yeem tiv taus.
Cov Nta Tseem Ceeb ntawm Hom 3 Surge Protective Device :
- Nruab rau ntawm qhov chaw fais fab, ib sab ntawm cov khoom siv tiv thaiv.
- Tus nqi tam sim no ntawm cov khoom siv feem ntau yog qis, xws li ntawm 1 txog 10 kA.
- Yuav tsum siv nrog rau hom 1 lossis hom 2 SPD sab saud, thiab tsis tuaj yeem siv ua tib qho kev ntsuas tiv thaiv ywj pheej.
Yuav tsum tau nruab lub Surge Protective Device qhov twg?
Yuav kom ua tiav kev tiv thaiv hluav taws xob ntau ntxiv, pab neeg Tomzn pom zoo kom muaj kev sib koom tes ntau theem kev tiv thaiv:
- Qib 1 - Qhov Rooj Nkag Kev PabcuamHom 1 SPD cuam tshuam cov hluav taws xob loj sab nraud ua ntej lawv nkag mus rau hauv lub tsev.
- Qib 2 - Pawg Faib KhoomHom 2 SPD txo cov hluav taws xob seem thiab lub zog hluav taws xob sab hauv.
- Qib 3 - Lub Ntsiab Lus SivHom 3 SPD (Plug-in surge protector lossis socket surge protector) muab kab tiv thaiv kawg rau cov khoom siv rhiab heev xws li khoos phis tawj, TV, thiab cov khoom siv kho mob.
- Txhua Qib Kev Tiv Thaiv Txo Qhov Surge Energy hauv Tig: Txoj kev no qee zaum hu ua kev tiv thaiv hluav taws xob poob qis. Txawm tias tus nqi ntsuas siab npaum li cas los xij, ib lub cuab yeej tsis tuaj yeem muab kev tiv thaiv tag nrho.
Yuav Ua Li Cas Xaiv Cov Khoom Siv Tiv Thaiv Surge Tsim Nyog?
Thaum xaiv lossis yuav SPD, thov tsom mus rau cov kev cai hauv qab no:
- SPD Hom: Txheeb xyuas seb puas xav tau hom 1, hom 2 lossis hom 1 + 2 ua ke raws li qhov chaw teeb tsa.
- Kev Ntsuas Kev Tiv Thaiv Voltage (Up/VPR)Qhov hluav taws xob siab tshaj plaws ntawm SPD thaum muaj hluav taws xob ntau dhau. Tus nqi qis dua, qhov zoo dua. Rau lub kaw lus 230V, Up ≤ 1.5kV yog tus nqi zoo tagnrho.
- Tam sim no tso tawm nominal (Hauv): SPD tuaj yeem tiv taus qib tam sim no ntau zaus yam tsis txo qhov kev ua tau zoo.
- Qhov siab tshaj plaws ntawm kev ua haujlwm tas mus li (Uc): Yuav tsum sib npaug lossis loj dua li qhov hluav taws xob ntawm lub kaw lus.
- Qauv Txheej Txheem: Ib txwm xyuas seb lub cuab yeej puas tau dhau daim ntawv pov thawj tus qauv hauv cheeb tsam.
Yuav ua li cas thiaj teeb tau lub cuab yeej tiv thaiv hluav taws xob kom ruaj ntseg?
Kev teeb tsa cov khoom siv tiv thaiv hluav taws xob kom raug yog qhov tseem ceeb npaum li kev xaiv cov khoom zoo. SPD uas teeb tsa tsis raug yuav tsis tsuas yog tiv thaiv koj cov khoom siv tsis tau xwb, tab sis kuj ua rau muaj kev pheej hmoo rau kev ruaj ntseg. Thov ua raws li cov kauj ruam hauv qab no rau kev teeb tsa kom muaj kev nyab xeeb thiab zoo.
Kaw lub hwj chim tseem ceeb
Ua ntej ua haujlwm, lub tshuab hluav taws xob tseem ceeb yuav tsum raug txiav ua ntej kom ntseeg tau tias lub switchboard raug tua tag nrho. Tsis txhob teeb tsa SPD rau ntawm lub tshuab hluav taws xob uas muaj sia nyob. Tom qab siv lub stylus tsis sib cuag los xyuas kom meej tias tsis muaj hluav taws xob, txuas ntxiv ua haujlwm tom qab.
Hnav cov khoom siv tiv thaiv tus kheej (PPE) uas tsim nyog
Yuav tsum hnav cov hnab looj tes rwb thaiv tsev thiab cov tsom iav tiv thaiv thaum lub sijhawm teeb tsa. Txawm tias tom qab lub tshuab hluav taws xob tseem ceeb kaw lawm, qee qhov khoom tseem yuav tseem muaj hluav taws xob seem. Kev siv cov kev tiv thaiv kev nyab xeeb yooj yim tuaj yeem txo qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm hluav taws xob poob siab lossis arc flashover.
Xaiv qhov chaw teeb tsa kom raug
Txhim kho SPD kom ze li ze tau rau lub vaj huam sib luag faib khoom loj lossis cov khoom siv tiv thaiv. Qhov luv dua ntawm txoj hlua ntawm SPD thiab lub switchboard, qhov me dua ntawm txoj kab impedance, thiab qhov zoo dua ntawm kev ua haujlwm tiv thaiv ntawm cov khoom siv.
Txuas kab kom raug
Ua haujlwm raws li daim duab qhia txog kev txuas hluav taws xob uas lub chaw tsim khoom muab, thiab siv cov hlau uas ua tau raws li cov lus qhia kom txuas SPD lead rau cov terminals sib xws: live wire (L), neutral wire (N) thiab ground wire. Cov hlau yuav tsum luv thiab ncaj li sai tau thiab nws raug pom zoo kom tsis txhob tshaj 0.5 meters kom txo qhov voltage poob thaum muaj surge. Tsis txhob khoov lossis ntswj ntawm cov hlau.
Kho cov khoom siv thiab kaw lub switchboard
Tom qab ua tiav tag nrho cov xov hlau, lub plhaub SPD raug ntsia kom ruaj khov rau ntawm lub switchboard lossis qhov chaw teeb tsa. Xyuas seb puas muaj cov terminals nruj, kaw lub hau ntawm lub vaj huam sib luag faib khoom tom qab paub tseeb tias nws raug, thiab tom qab ntawd rov qab muab lub zog.
Rov qab muab hluav taws xob thiab xyuas seb lub xeev khiav li cas
Kaw lub tshuab hluav taws xob tseem ceeb thiab xyuas qhov qhia txog qhov xwm txheej ntawm SPD. Feem ntau cov khoom tiv thaiv hluav taws xob niaj hnub no muaj cov teeb qhia LED lossis cov qhov rai qhia txog qhov xwm txheej kom pom tseeb tias lub cuab yeej ua haujlwm zoo. Lub teeb qhia yog ntsuab, feem ntau qhia tias SPD nyob rau hauv lub xeev ua haujlwm ib txwm thiab tuaj yeem muab kev tiv thaiv txhua lub sijhawm.
Yog tias koj tsis paub meej, thov nrog ib tus kws ua hluav taws xob uas tau ntawv pov thawj tham
Txawm hais tias kev teeb tsa ntawm qee cov SPDs yooj yim heev, muaj kev pheej hmoo loj hauv kev ua haujlwm sab hauv ntawm lub switchboard. Yog tias koj tsis ntseeg siab rau koj tus kheej kev paub txog hluav taws xob, thov nco ntsoov tso siab rau tus kws kho hluav taws xob uas tau ntawv pov thawj los teeb tsa. Qhov no tseem ceeb heev rau Hom 1 SPDs uas tau teeb tsa ntawm lub zog hluav taws xob tseem ceeb. Cov kev teeb tsa no yuav tsum ua raws li cov lus qhia hluav taws xob hauv zos, xws li NEC (National Electrical Code) hauv Tebchaws Meskas.
Cov lus qhia txog kev nyab xeeb: Thov nco ntsoov nyeem phau ntawv qhia kev teeb tsa uas lub chaw tsim khoom SPD muab ua tib zoo ua ntej kev teeb tsa, thiab xyuas kom meej tias cov txheej txheem teeb tsa ua raws li txhua yam kev qhia tshwj xeeb thiab cov qauv hluav taws xob hauv zos, xws li IEC 61643-11 lossis UL 1449.
Lub Tswv Yim Kawg Txog Kev Tiv Thaiv Surge
Nyob rau hauv lub caij nyoog uas muaj cov khoom siv hluav taws xob uas rhiab heev rau qhov hluav taws xob, cov kab ke sib txuas thiab qhov zoo ntawm lub zog hloov pauv, cov khoom siv tiv thaiv hluav taws xob tsis yog qhov xaiv tau lawm. Txij li kev tiv thaiv cov khoom siv hauv tsev mus rau kev tiv thaiv ntau lab daus las ntawm cov kab ke automation hauv kev lag luam, kev xaiv SPDs tsim nyog tuaj yeem coj kev ntseeg siab thiab cov txiaj ntsig kev lag luam mus sij hawm ntev.
Txawm hais tias koj qhov project yuav tsum tau nruab hom 1 surge protective device ntawm qhov kawg nkag, hom 2 surge protective device ntawm lub switchboard, lossis xa tawm ntau theem kev sib koom tes tiv thaiv surge protection strategy, nws yog ib qho ntawm cov peev txheej ntse tshaj plaws uas koj tuaj yeem ua hauv kev nyab xeeb hluav taws xob los xaiv lub cuab yeej uas dhau daim ntawv pov thawj thiab muaj cov ntsuas ntsuas raug.
Yog xav paub ntxiv, thov nyeem peb cov ntawv xov xwm cuam tshuam:
Tiv thaiv koj HVAC System nrog AC Surge Protection Device
PV Surge Protection Device - Txhua yam koj yuav tsum paub
FAQ
Cov khoom siv tiv thaiv hluav taws xob puas tuaj yeem tiv thaiv tau tag nrho cov xob laim ncaj qha?
Txhua lub SPD tsis tuaj yeem muab kev tiv thaiv 100% tiv thaiv xob laim ncaj qha. Txawm li cas los xij, hom 1 surge protective device - ua ke nrog Lightning Protection System (LPS) tiav raws li IEC 62305 - nrog rau kev xaiv hom I surge protective device kom raug tuaj yeem txo qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev puas tsuaj thiab hluav taws kub ntawm cov khoom siv.
Lub neej ua haujlwm ntawm SPD ntev npaum li cas?
Txhua qhov xwm txheej ntawm kev nce siab yuav ua rau muaj qee qhov kev poob rau MOV Cheebtsam hauv lub cuab yeej. Feem ntau cov SPDs zoo muaj lub teeb qhia xwm txheej lossis lub qhov rais saib, uas yuav tig liab lossis ua tsis tiav thaum lub cuab yeej xav tau hloov. Lub neej ua haujlwm xav tau feem ntau yog 5 txog 10 xyoo, nyob ntawm qhov zaus thiab lub zog ntawm kev nce siab.
Cov khoom siv tiv thaiv hluav taws xob thiab SPD puas yog tib hom khoom?
Tsis zoo ib yam li ntawd. Cov khoom siv tiv thaiv hluav taws xob uas ntsaws rau hauv yog hom III SPD Hom 3 SPD, uas tsuas yog muab kev tiv thaiv lub zog hauv zos xwb. Nws tsis tuaj yeem hloov cov khoom siv tiv thaiv hluav taws xob hom I lossis hom II uas muaj hlua khi rau ntawm lub switchboard. Cov txiaj ntsig tiv thaiv zoo tshaj plaws tuaj yeem ua tiav los ntawm kev siv cov txheej txheem tiv thaiv peb txheej.
Lub zog hnub ci thiab cov khoom siv them hluav taws xob puas xav tau SPD?
Yog. Cov tshuab photovoltaic (PV) thiab cov khoom siv them fais fab tsheb (EV) yog qhov rhiab heev rau kev puas tsuaj los ntawm hluav taws xob ntau dhau. IEC 61643-32 tshwj xeeb tshaj yog muab rau kev xaiv SPD ntawm cov tshuab photovoltaic. Thaum xaiv kev tiv thaiv hluav taws xob ntau dhau rau cov khoom siv hluav taws xob rov ua dua tshiab, thov nco ntsoov sab laj nrog tus kws ua hluav taws xob uas tau ntawv pov thawj.
