Idan aka fuskanci nau'ikan samfuran relay iri-iri a kan takardar bayanai, za ka iya jin wahalar zaɓa. Da zarar an yi la'akari da ƙimar hulɗa, ƙarfin na'urar coil da aikin kariya, zai fi wahala a yanke shawara a cikin nau'ikan relay da yawa. A cikin wannan labarin, an tsara relay bisa ga tsari, tsarin hulɗa da yanayin aikace-aikacen, kuma an nuna ainihin bambance-bambancen da ke shafar ƙirar da'irar.
Mene ne Manyan Nau'ikan Relay ta Gina?
Dangane da tsarin, manyan nau'ikan relay sun haɗa da relay na lantarki (EMR), relay na jihar solid (SSR), relay na relay da relay na hybrid.
Relay Electromechanical
Relay ɗin lantarki yana ƙunshe da na'urar haɗa na'ura mai juyi, na'urar haɗa na'ura da kuma rukunin sake saita yanayin bazara. Lokacin da wutar lantarki ke ratsawa ta cikin na'urar, yana samar da filin maganadisu wanda ke jawo armature ɗin kuma yana tura lambobin sadarwa zuwa canzawa, yana samar da sautin "danna" mai ji yayin aikin sauyawa. Saurin sauyawa yana a matakin matsakaici. Ga kabad ɗin sarrafawa na duniya, na'urar jigilar lantarki ta DIN-rail za ta iya biyan buƙatun yawancin maɓallan madauki ɗaya ba tare da ƙarin kuɗi ba.
Juyayin Jiha mai ƙarfi
Relays mai ƙarfi yana maye gurbin na'urar sadarwa ta na'ura da na'ura mai kwakwalwa da abubuwan haɗin semiconductor kamar su thyristor masu juyawa biyu (Triac) ko MOSFETs. Yana canzawa a hankali kuma baya samar da arcing, kuma adadin lokutan sauyawa da zai iya jurewa ya fi na relays na inji girma.
Reed Relay
Relay ɗin relay ɗin yana rufe sandunan ferromagnetic guda biyu a cikin bututun gilashi, kuma ana kunna na'urar lanƙwasa ta waje don samar da filin maganadisu don yin karyewar relay. Tsarin rufewa yana sa ƙura da danshi ba su shafi hulɗar ba, don haka relay ɗin relay ɗin ya dace da yanayin aiki mai ƙarancin wutar lantarki da sauri kamar kayan gwaji da kayan sadarwa.
Relay Mai Haɗaka
Tsarin relay na haɗin gwiwa yana haɗa matakin lantarki da matakin yanayin ƙarfi: ɓangaren yanayin ƙarfi yana sarrafa lokacin sauyawa nan take don rage arcing, sannan hulɗar injina tana ɗauke da wutar lantarki mai ɗorewa, wanda ke iyakance tarin zafi a cikin semiconductor.
Ta Yaya Tsarin Sadarwa na Relay Ya Bambanta?
Ana bayyana tsarin hulɗar relay ta hanyar sanduna da jifa, galibi SPST, SPDT, DPST da DPDT. Waɗannan alamun suna ƙayyade adadin da'irori da relay ɗaya zai iya canzawa.
Sanduna na nufin hanyar da'ira mai zaman kanta a cikin na'urar relay, kuma jifa yana nufin adadin matsayin maɓallan da da'irar za ta iya kaiwa. Na'urar relay mai jifa ɗaya ta Sanduna ɗaya (SPST) tana sarrafa da'ira ɗaya kawai don cimma aikin kunnawa/kashewa na asali. Na'urar relay mai jifa biyu ta Sanduna ɗaya (SPDT) na iya canza da'ira ɗaya tsakanin lambobi biyu daban-daban.
Jefawa Ɗayan Pole Biyu (DPST) da Jefawa Ɗayan Pole Biyu (DPDT) suna maimaita dabarar da ke sama don da'irori biyu da aka ware a cikin gidan relay iri ɗaya. Sun dace da lokutan da ake buƙatar kunna babban wutar lantarki da alamar jiha a lokaci guda tare da siginar sarrafawa iri ɗaya.
Yawanci ana yiwa yanayin da aka saba budewa (NO) da kuma na al'ada da aka rufe (NC) alama a cikin takardar bayanai don bayyana matsayin da aka taɓa hulɗar lokacin da na'urar ba ta da kuzari. Wannan abu ne mai sauƙi a yi kuskure lokacin da aka haɗa kabad ɗin rarrabawa: yawanci lambobin sadarwa da aka rufe suna kasancewa a rufe lokacin da na'urar ba ta da kuzari, sabanin yadda mutane da yawa ke gani.
Idan aka kwatanta da kawai komawa ga teburin sigogin ƙayyadaddun bayanai, bincika cikakken jerin samfuran relay na TOMZN kai tsaye zai iya kwatanta bambance-bambancen da ke tsakanin lambobin sanda daban-daban da lambobin jifa cikin sauƙi.
Waɗanne Nau'ikan Relay Masu Kariya ne ake Amfani da su a Tsarin Wutar Lantarki?
Nau'ikan relay masu kariya sun haɗa da relay mai yawan gaske, bambanci, nisa da kuma relay mai matsalar ƙasa, kowannensu ana amfani da shi don gano takamaiman yanayin matsala akan layin watsawa ko na'urar transformer.
Relay na yau da kullun
Relay mai yawa yana toshe na'urar karya da'ira lokacin da wutar lantarki ta wuce iyakar da aka saita, wanda ke kare kebul da kayan aiki daga lalacewar zafi.
Bambance-bambancen Relay
Bambancin relay yana kwatanta kwararar wutar lantarki zuwa da kuma fita daga yankin da aka kare (kamar na'urorin transformer), kuma yana aiki ne kawai lokacin da ƙimar biyu ba ta daidaita ba, wanda yawanci yana nufin cewa matsala ta ciki ta faru maimakon matsala ta waje.
Relay Distance
Na'urar auna nisa tana auna impedance maimakon wutar lantarki, don haka tana iya kimanta nisan wurin da ke kan layin watsawa, don cimma zaɓen faɗuwa.
Duniya Laifi Relay
Na'urar watsa bayanai ta hanyar lanƙwasa wuta ta ƙasa tana lura da kwararar iska zuwa ƙasa, wanda galibi ba a iya gano shi ta hanyar kariyar wuce gona da iri ta yau da kullun.
A cikin ƙananan aikace-aikace, irin waɗannan samfuran a matakin allon sauyawa, kamar na'urar ba da kariya ta overcurrent mai daidaitawa , suna amfani da irin wannan dabarar tuntuɓewa ga kariyar madauki ɗaya a cikin allon sauyawa na gidaje da na kasuwanci masu sauƙi, maimakon ga dukkan bas ɗin substation.
Relay na Electromechanical vs Solid State Relay
Relay na lantarki (EMR) ya dace da yanayin sauyawar wutar lantarki mai yawa da kuma yanayin sauyawar ƙarancin mita, yayin da relay na yanayin ƙarfi (SSR) ya fi dacewa da yanayin sauyawa mai sauri, mai yawa ko shiru. Lokacin sauyawa na relay na yanayin ƙarfi shine milise 1 zuwa 10, yayin da relay na lantarki shine milise 5 zuwa 15; lokacin da mitar sauyawa ta wuce ɗaruruwan sau a minti ɗaya, tasirin wannan bambancin saurin zai bayyana sosai.
Layukan lantarki galibi su ne zaɓin tsoho ga manyan nauyin wutar lantarki da suka wuce kusan amperes 50 ko volts 600. Domin hulɗar ta zahiri za ta iya jure wa kwararar wutar lantarki cikin aminci kuma farashin kowace sanda ya yi ƙasa. Duk da haka, sassan injina na layukan lantarki suna lalacewa, kuma kowane maɓalli yana fitar da sautin dannawa mai ji, wanda ba shi da shahara a cikin kayan aikin gida waɗanda ke buƙatar aiki cikin natsuwa.
Relay ɗin yanayin solid state ba shi da wannan matsalar lalacewa domin yana amfani da thyristor mai kusurwa uku ko MOSFET don ɗaukar nauyin, maimakon ma'aunin bazara. Wannan fasalin yana sa relay ɗin yanayin solid ya fi dacewa da masu sarrafa HVAC, dimmers, da panels waɗanda ke buƙatar a canza su sau ɗaruruwa a rana.
Rashin kyawun relay mai ƙarfi shine zafi: da zarar wutar ta ƙaru, ana buƙatar shigar da heatsink , kuma ba za a iya rage yawan kwararar ruwa a yanayin da ba ya aiki ba zuwa sifili koyaushe.
Idan nauyin ya wuce iyakar nauyin relay na yau da kullun, mai haɗakarwa mai nauyi da kewayon relay na iya amfani da hanyar sarrafa sauyawa iri ɗaya zuwa matakan wutar lantarki mafi girma.
A cikin tsarin rarrabawa iri-iri, amfani da na'urorin lantarki masu juyawa a cikin reshen wutar lantarki mai girma da kuma amfani da na'urorin watsawa mai ƙarfi a cikin reshen sauyawa mai yawa sau da yawa suna cimma daidaito mafi kyau tsakanin farashi da rayuwar sabis.
Me ake amfani da nau'ikan Latching da Delay Relay don?
Ana iya kiyaye yanayin sauyawa na ƙarshe ba tare da ci gaba da samar da wutar lantarki ba, kuma jigilar jinkiri na lokaci yana ƙara jinkiri kafin ko bayan sauyawa.
Relay ɗin matsewa yana riƙe da wurin da aka haɗa bayan siginar coil ta ƙare ta hanyar bugun maganadisu ko kuma matsewar injina. Wannan fasalin zai iya adana wutar lantarki yadda ya kamata a yanayin da za a iya canza yanayin ta hanyar bugun lokaci ɗaya kawai, kamar tsarin samar da wutar lantarki ta baturi da kuma da'irar hasken matakala.
Relay ɗin jinkiri yana rufe ayyuka daban-daban: lokacin jinkiri yana fara kaya bayan lokacin jira ya ƙare; lokacin jinkiri yana ba da damar kaya ya gudana na ɗan lokaci bayan siginar ta tsaya; lokacin tazara yana ba da damar kaya ya sake zagayowar maɓallin. Sau da yawa compressor na HVAC yana amfani da aikin jinkirin kashe wuta don hana gajeren zagaye, saboda compressor yana sake farawa da sauri kuma yana iya haifar da lalacewa.
FAQ
Mene ne bambanci tsakanin na'urar lantarki da na'urar rediyo mai ƙarfi?
Relay na lantarki suna dogara ne akan coils don tuƙa hulɗar inji don kammala sauyawa, kuma relay na solid-state suna dogara ne akan abubuwan semiconductor don kammala sauyawa, ba tare da sassan motsi ba. Lokacin sauyawa na relay na solid-state shine milise seconds 1 zuwa 10, kuma relay na electromagnetic shine milise seconds 5 zuwa 15, don haka relay na solid-state yana da sauri, shiru, kuma ya fi tsayi.
Menene ma'anar SPST, SPDT, DPST da DPDT ga relay?
Waɗannan haɗakar haruffa suna bayyana adadin sandunan da adadin jifa: Jifa ɗaya na Pole ɗaya yana sarrafa kunnawar da'ira; Jifa ɗaya na Pole biyu yana canza da'ira ɗaya tsakanin lambobi biyu. Jifa ɗaya na Pole biyu da Jifa biyu na Pole biyu suna sarrafa kunnawa ko sauya da'ira biyu da aka ware a cikin harsashi ɗaya.
Mene ne nau'ikan relay masu kariya daban-daban?
Nau'ikan relay masu kariya sun haɗa da relay mai yawan aiki, relay mai bambanci, relay mai nisa da relay mai matsalar ƙasa, waɗanda ake amfani da su don gano takamaiman nau'ikan lahani a cikin tsarin wutar lantarki. Ka'idojin jerin IEC 60255-1xx sun daidaita irin waɗannan gwaje-gwajen aiki don tabbatar da daidaiton sakamakon kimanta aiki a duk duniya.
Me ake amfani da na'urar ɗaukar makulli (latching relay)?
Bayan siginar na'urar ta tsaya, na'urar matsewa tana dogara ne akan bugun maganadisu ko kuma matsewar injina don kiyaye yanayin bayan sauyawa, ba tare da ci gaba da samar da wutar lantarki ba. Wannan ya dace da hasken matakala, na'urorin da ke amfani da batir, da kuma da'irori waɗanda ke mai da hankali sosai kan rage yawan amfani da wutar lantarki a jiran aiki maimakon sake saitawa nan take.
Menene ake amfani da na'urar watsa bayanai ta jinkirta lokaci?
Relay na jinkiri zai iya ƙara jinkirin da za a iya saitawa a cikin tsarin haɗin da'ira, cire haɗin ko duka biyun, don kare na'urorin HVAC da sauran kayan aiki da kuma guje wa lalacewa da farawa da tsayawa akai-akai na ɗan lokaci ke haifarwa.
Zaɓar Nau'in Relay Mai Dacewa
Ta hanyar rarraba nau'ikan relay bisa ga tsarinsu, tsarin hulɗa da aikinsu, zaku iya sauƙaƙe littafin ƙayyadaddun bayanai mai rikitarwa zuwa jerin zaɓi bayyananne:
- Da farko, bisa ga mitar sauyawa da kuma ƙarfin kaya, ana zaɓar na'urar lantarki ko na'urar relay mai ƙarfi.
- Sai a daidaita adadin sandunan da adadin jifa bisa ga adadin da'irori da ke ciki.
- A ƙarshe, ana ƙara ayyukan kariya, kulle kai ko jinkirtawa ne kawai lokacin da ake buƙatar aikace-aikacen da gaske.
Fayyace waɗannan matakai a karon farko na iya hana sake yin aiki da sake fasalin da ke gaba. Na'urar kariya ta DIN relay relay da relay time da masana'antun kamar TOMZN suka samar an tsara su ne bisa ga waɗannan rarrabuwa.
